Hence, for Orwell, if he were living today, Islamism and Hindutva would both be versions of nationalism, as would be fascism, neoliberalism and, for that matter, Maoism. He applies it to religious groups too, and to some political movements, including those on the Left. What is particularly interesting about this essay is the fact that Orwell does not apply ‘nationalism’ to just strong feelings about a real or putative nation state.
He sees history, especially contemporary history, as the endless rise and decline of great power units, and every event that happens seems to him a demonstration that his own side is on the upgrade and some hated rival is on the downgrade.” Thus wrote George Orwell, one of the most intellectually independent commentators of the 20th century, in a 1945 essay. “A nationalist is one who thinks solely, or mainly, in terms of competitive prestige… His thoughts always turn on victories, defeats, triumphs and humiliations.
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